"""Convenient HTTP UserAgent class. This is a subclass of urllib2.OpenerDirector. Copyright 2003-2006 John J. Lee This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the BSD or ZPL 2.1 licenses (see the file COPYING.txt included with the distribution). """ import sys, warnings, urllib2 from _opener import OpenerDirector import _urllib2 import _auth import _gzip class HTTPRefererProcessor(_urllib2.BaseHandler): def http_request(self, request): # See RFC 2616 14.36. The only times we know the source of the # request URI has a URI associated with it are redirect, and # Browser.click() / Browser.submit() / Browser.follow_link(). # Otherwise, it's the user's job to add any Referer header before # .open()ing. if hasattr(request, "redirect_dict"): request = self.parent._add_referer_header( request, origin_request=False) return request https_request = http_request class UserAgent(OpenerDirector): """Convenient user-agent class. Do not use .add_handler() to add a handler for something already dealt with by this code. Public attributes: addheaders: list of (name, value) pairs specifying headers to send with every request, unless they are overridden in the Request instance. >>> ua = UserAgent() >>> ua.addheaders = [ ... ("User-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible)"), ... ("From", "responsible.person@example.com")] """ handler_classes = { # scheme handlers "http": _urllib2.HTTPHandler, # CacheFTPHandler is buggy, at least in 2.3, so we don't use it "ftp": _urllib2.FTPHandler, "file": _urllib2.FileHandler, "gopher": _urllib2.GopherHandler, # other handlers "_unknown": _urllib2.UnknownHandler, # HTTP{S,}Handler depend on HTTPErrorProcessor too "_http_error": _urllib2.HTTPErrorProcessor, "_http_request_upgrade": _urllib2.HTTPRequestUpgradeProcessor, "_http_default_error": _urllib2.HTTPDefaultErrorHandler, # feature handlers "_basicauth": _urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler, "_digestauth": _urllib2.HTTPDigestAuthHandler, "_redirect": _urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler, "_cookies": _urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor, "_refresh": _urllib2.HTTPRefreshProcessor, "_referer": HTTPRefererProcessor, # from this module, note "_equiv": _urllib2.HTTPEquivProcessor, "_seek": _urllib2.SeekableProcessor, "_proxy": _urllib2.ProxyHandler, "_proxy_basicauth": _urllib2.ProxyBasicAuthHandler, "_proxy_digestauth": _urllib2.ProxyDigestAuthHandler, "_robots": _urllib2.HTTPRobotRulesProcessor, "_gzip": _gzip.HTTPGzipProcessor, # experimental! # debug handlers "_debug_redirect": _urllib2.HTTPRedirectDebugProcessor, "_debug_response_body": _urllib2.HTTPResponseDebugProcessor, } default_schemes = ["http", "ftp", "file", "gopher"] default_others = ["_unknown", "_http_error", "_http_request_upgrade", "_http_default_error", ] default_features = ["_redirect", "_cookies", "_referer", "_refresh", "_equiv", "_basicauth", "_digestauth", "_proxy", "_proxy_basicauth", "_proxy_digestauth", "_seek", "_robots", ] if hasattr(_urllib2, 'HTTPSHandler'): handler_classes["https"] = _urllib2.HTTPSHandler default_schemes.append("https") def __init__(self): OpenerDirector.__init__(self) ua_handlers = self._ua_handlers = {} for scheme in (self.default_schemes+ self.default_others+ self.default_features): klass = self.handler_classes[scheme] ua_handlers[scheme] = klass() for handler in ua_handlers.itervalues(): self.add_handler(handler) # Yuck. # Ensure correct default constructor args were passed to # HTTPRefererProcessor and HTTPEquivProcessor. if "_refresh" in ua_handlers: self.set_handle_refresh(True) if "_equiv" in ua_handlers: self.set_handle_equiv(True) # Ensure default password managers are installed. pm = ppm = None if "_basicauth" in ua_handlers or "_digestauth" in ua_handlers: pm = _urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() if ("_proxy_basicauth" in ua_handlers or "_proxy_digestauth" in ua_handlers): ppm = _auth.HTTPProxyPasswordMgr() self.set_password_manager(pm) self.set_proxy_password_manager(ppm) # special case, requires extra support from mechanize.Browser self._handle_referer = True def close(self): OpenerDirector.close(self) self._ua_handlers = None # XXX ## def set_timeout(self, timeout): ## self._timeout = timeout ## def set_http_connection_cache(self, conn_cache): ## self._http_conn_cache = conn_cache ## def set_ftp_connection_cache(self, conn_cache): ## # XXX ATM, FTP has cache as part of handler; should it be separate? ## self._ftp_conn_cache = conn_cache def set_handled_schemes(self, schemes): """Set sequence of URL scheme (protocol) strings. For example: ua.set_handled_schemes(["http", "ftp"]) If this fails (with ValueError) because you've passed an unknown scheme, the set of handled schemes will not be changed. """ want = {} for scheme in schemes: if scheme.startswith("_"): raise ValueError("not a scheme '%s'" % scheme) if scheme not in self.handler_classes: raise ValueError("unknown scheme '%s'") want[scheme] = None # get rid of scheme handlers we don't want for scheme, oldhandler in self._ua_handlers.items(): if scheme.startswith("_"): continue # not a scheme handler if scheme not in want: self._replace_handler(scheme, None) else: del want[scheme] # already got it # add the scheme handlers that are missing for scheme in want.keys(): self._set_handler(scheme, True) def _add_referer_header(self, request, origin_request=True): raise NotImplementedError( "this class can't do HTTP Referer: use mechanize.Browser instead") def set_cookiejar(self, cookiejar): """Set a mechanize.CookieJar, or None.""" self._set_handler("_cookies", obj=cookiejar) # XXX could use Greg Stein's httpx for some of this instead? # or httplib2?? def set_proxies(self, proxies): """Set a dictionary mapping URL scheme to proxy specification, or None. e.g. {"http": "joe:password@myproxy.example.com:3128", "ftp": "proxy.example.com"} """ self._set_handler("_proxy", obj=proxies) def add_password(self, url, user, password, realm=None): self._password_manager.add_password(realm, url, user, password) def add_proxy_password(self, user, password, hostport=None, realm=None): self._proxy_password_manager.add_password( realm, hostport, user, password) # the following are rarely useful -- use add_password / add_proxy_password # instead def set_password_manager(self, password_manager): """Set a mechanize.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm, or None.""" self._password_manager = password_manager self._set_handler("_basicauth", obj=password_manager) self._set_handler("_digestauth", obj=password_manager) def set_proxy_password_manager(self, password_manager): """Set a mechanize.HTTPProxyPasswordMgr, or None.""" self._proxy_password_manager = password_manager self._set_handler("_proxy_basicauth", obj=password_manager) self._set_handler("_proxy_digestauth", obj=password_manager) # these methods all take a boolean parameter def set_handle_robots(self, handle): """Set whether to observe rules from robots.txt.""" self._set_handler("_robots", handle) def set_handle_redirect(self, handle): """Set whether to handle HTTP 30x redirections.""" self._set_handler("_redirect", handle) def set_handle_refresh(self, handle, max_time=None, honor_time=True): """Set whether to handle HTTP Refresh headers.""" self._set_handler("_refresh", handle, constructor_kwds= {"max_time": max_time, "honor_time": honor_time}) def set_handle_equiv(self, handle, head_parser_class=None): """Set whether to treat HTML http-equiv headers like HTTP headers. Response objects will be .seek()able if this is set. """ if head_parser_class is not None: constructor_kwds = {"head_parser_class": head_parser_class} else: constructor_kwds={} self._set_handler("_equiv", handle, constructor_kwds=constructor_kwds) def set_handle_referer(self, handle): """Set whether to add Referer header to each request. This base class does not implement this feature (so don't turn this on if you're using this base class directly), but the subclass mechanize.Browser does. """ self._set_handler("_referer", handle) self._handle_referer = bool(handle) def set_handle_gzip(self, handle): """Handle gzip transfer encoding. """ if handle: warnings.warn( "gzip transfer encoding is experimental!", stacklevel=2) self._set_handler("_gzip", handle) def set_debug_redirects(self, handle): """Log information about HTTP redirects (including refreshes). Logging is performed using module logging. The logger name is "mechanize.http_redirects". To actually print some debug output, eg: import sys, logging logger = logging.getLogger("mechanize.http_redirects") logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)) logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) Other logger names relevant to this module: "mechanize.http_responses" "mechanize.cookies" (or "cookielib" if running Python 2.4) To turn on everything: import sys, logging logger = logging.getLogger("mechanize") logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)) logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) """ self._set_handler("_debug_redirect", handle) def set_debug_responses(self, handle): """Log HTTP response bodies. See docstring for .set_debug_redirects() for details of logging. """ self._set_handler("_debug_response_body", handle) def set_debug_http(self, handle): """Print HTTP headers to sys.stdout.""" level = int(bool(handle)) for scheme in "http", "https": h = self._ua_handlers.get(scheme) if h is not None: h.set_http_debuglevel(level) def _set_handler(self, name, handle=None, obj=None, constructor_args=(), constructor_kwds={}): if handle is None: handle = obj is not None if handle: handler_class = self.handler_classes[name] if obj is not None: newhandler = handler_class(obj) else: newhandler = handler_class(*constructor_args, **constructor_kwds) else: newhandler = None self._replace_handler(name, newhandler) def _replace_handler(self, name, newhandler=None): # first, if handler was previously added, remove it if name is not None: handler = self._ua_handlers.get(name) if handler: try: self.handlers.remove(handler) except ValueError: pass # then add the replacement, if any if newhandler is not None: self.add_handler(newhandler) self._ua_handlers[name] = newhandler